ONE of the most fascinating and conspicuous parasitic plants is the Love Vine, Cassytha filiformis. A relative of avocados (Lauraceae family), this vine with minute white flowers and greenish fruits form conspicuous dense masses of yellowish-green stems that can cover bushes and even entire trees!
In the Caribbean region, Love Vine is usually found at low elevations, especially at coastal areas.
At first glance, Love Vines can resemble Dodders (genus Cuscuta in family Convolvulaceae), and in some places, they are called Dodder Laurels. But both parasitic vines can be distinguished by reproductive and even vegetative features such as the color of their stems. Love Vines tend to have young stems dull orange or orange-yellowish and covered with minute “hairs”, turning green as they age. In contrast, Dodders have bright smooth yellow stems turning bright orange. Also, the stems of Love Vines are sturdy, contrasting with the typically brittle (easily broken) Dodder stems.
There are numerous species of Love Vines and Dodders around the world, and the general distinctions I mention below might not apply to all of them. But at least they can help separate the species found in the Caribbean region.
Recognizing Love Vines (Cassytha) and Dodders (Cuscuta)
Love Vines
- Stems dull orange or greenish
- Inflorescences green, bearing few separated flowers
- Flowers with petals solid-white
- Fruits fleshy when ripe
-
One seed, ca. 5 mm wide, black with smooth rugged surface
Dodders
- Stems bright yellow or orange
- Inflorescences yellow, many flowers in compact clusters
- Flowers with petals white greenish or slightly transparent
- Fruits dried when ripe
- One to several seeds, less than 5 mm long, brown with pubescent (minute hairs) surface
The most common species of Love Vine is Cassytha filiformis, found across the tropical regions of the world. However, the genus Cassytha includes over 25 species, most of them restricted to Australia and southeast Asia.
Unlike some other parasitic plants, Love Vines do not seems to discriminate between the plants it parasitize. In fact, a single adult individual has the potential to obtain water and nutrients from many different host species, including trees, shrubs, and vines.
In fact, I have seen Love Vines “feeding” on their own cousins, the avocado trees, and even other parasitic plants such as mistletoes!
The picture below shows a Love Vine wrapping tightly a Croton (Euphorbiaceae) shrub in Providenciales Island, Turks & Caicos.
Love Vines are interesting at the molecular level because their parasitic lifestyle can lead to unusual genomic changes. A recent study where I had the opportunity to collaborate with a team of researchers explored the structure of chloroplast genomes in Love Vines from the Caribbean and eastern Asia.
Future studies will tell us more about the fascinating biology and genome evolution of these intriguing parasitic plants.
Pingback: The infamous Dodder (Cuscuta, Convolvulaceae): a fascinating parasitic vine – Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz